The Word Foundation
Goverana iri peji



Hapana anoona inotsvaira uye inotsvaira inotsvaira
Naiwo mweya unobva mukati mehupenyu wakadzika
Asccnds, - isina, mayhap, kana yakasununguka,
Nerufu rutsva rwese rwatinodzokera shure tinoona
Maonero akareba edzinza redu
Yedu yakawanda yemhando yakapfuura livcs inoteedzera.

—William Sharp.

THE

WORD

Vol. 1 JANUARY 1905 Nha. 4

Copyright 1905 naHW PERCIVAL

TENDAI

DZIMWE matambudziko akatambudza pfungwa dzevanhu, hapana akakonzera kushushikana kwakawanda kupfuura kweanotenderera kana ekudzokorora kwezviitiko.

Vanhu vekare vakaedza kuziva mutemo wekutenderera kuitira kuti upenyu hwavo huenderane nawo. Munguva yedu varume vanotsvaga kutsvaga mutemo wecyclic kuti vangaite bhizinesi ravo zvine pundutso. Munguva dzose vanhu vakaedza kuwana mutemo wekutenderera nokuti neruzivo rwakadaro vaigona kutevera mabasa avo ekurima nechokwadi, kudzivirira denda, nhenda, uye kupa kurwisa nzara; kufanotaura nezvehondo, madutu, kudzongonyedzwa kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, uye ngwarira zvidakadaka zvepfungwa; ziva chikonzero chekuzvarwa, hupenyu, rufu, uye mamiriro ekupedzisira; uye vachiwana mhindu nezvakaitika munguva yakapfuura, vaigona kurondedzera zviitiko zvomunguva yemberi noururami.

Dingindira rezwi rinotorwa kubva kuChigiriki "kuklos," zvinoreva rin'i, vhiri, kana denderedzwa. Mupfungwa dzakatenderera denderedzwa chiito uye zvinoitika zvetinofambisa kubva pakati, chimiro uye nguva yekutenderera ichayerwa nekwavo uye nekumanikidza kwezvinangwa pavanenge vachibva nekudzoka kwavanobva. Kuguma kweimwe kutenderera kana denderedzwa ndiko kutanga kwechimwe, kuitira kuti kufamba kwacho kuve kwe spiral, sepamhepo yekukoshwa kwetambo kana kusunungurwa kwematanda e rose.

Masekete anokwanisa kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri akapamhama: izvo zvinozivikanwa uye izvo zviri zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira. Pakati peavo isu tajaira kwazvo kutenderera kwezuva, apo pasi rakaita dudziro imwechete yakatenderedza kutenderera kwayo mumaawa makumi maviri nemana; kutenderera kwemwedzi unoyevedza, kana mwedzi waita runyorwa rumwe kutenderedza pasi nemazuva e28; kutenderera kwegore, apo pasi rakapedza shanduko imwe kutenderera zuva uye zuva rakaita shanduko imwechete kuburikidza nezviratidzo zodiac, nguva inenge mazuva 365; uye gore rakasarudzika kana denderedzwa rekuti precession yeiyo equinoxes apo danda re equator rakambotenderera padanda re ecliptic mumakore 25,868.

Iyo inyaya yeruzivo rwevanhu vese kuti kubva parwendo rwezuva zuva kuburikidza nemapoka enyeredzi, tinowana mwaka yedu mina: chitubu, zhizha, mwaka wekuvhuvhuta, uye nguva yechando, imwe neimwe ichiwedzera kupfuura mwedzi mitatu, uye kuti imwe neimwe mwedzi iyi yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina uye chidimbu, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemwedzi chiri chikamu che mwedzi sechipfumbamwe chekutanga, mwedzi uzere, chikamu chekupedzisira, uye mwedzi mutsva. Iyo zodiac ndiyo nguva huru yekubva, zuva nemwedzi maoko ayo anoratidza nguva dzenguva. Mushure mezodiac isu takagadzira chronometer ine zviratidzo gumi nembiri; aya anotaridza nguva dzerima uye nerima muzuva rimwe chete maawa gumi nemaviri.

Chinhu chinonakidza kune statistologist uye munyori wenhoroondo kuoneka kweanotenderera pamatambudziko, matambudziko, nzara, nehondo; kutaridzika kwechinotenderera nekutsakatika kwemadzinza, uye kunogara kuchikwira uye kudonha kwenzanga.

Pakati pezvikamu zvega zvega pane kutenderera kwehupenyu hwazvino hunobva kubva mudura kuenda mumuviri kupinda mumhepo-makamuri emapapu, pakushandisa ropa kunge mota yake inoyerera nemapfupa emapapu kuruboshwe kuruboshwe, zvino kuenda kuruboshwe ventricle, kubva ipapo ichipfuura nepakati peanorta inogoverwa kunhengo dzese dzomuviri seropa rekunze. Hupenyu hwazvino pamwe nemasero ehupenyu hwunodzoka kuburikidza nemukati memapenaini, kubva ipapo zvichibva kune venae cavae kuenda kurudyi auricle, kubva ipapo kune kurudyi ventricle, uye kubva ipapo kuburikidza neapmonary artery kuenda kumapapu, uko, kana yakanatswa, iyo zvakare inova inotakura yehupenyu kumuviri, kutenderera kwakazara kunogara anenge makumi matatu masekondi.

Chinonyanya kukosha pazvikamu zvese kwatiri ndezvekuti kutenderera kunosanganisirwa nyika isati yazvarwa, kuzvarwa, hupenyu munyika ino, rufu, uye mushure mekufa. Kubva pazvakazarurwa zvedenderedzwa rino ruzivo rwemamwe ose madenderedzwa ruchatevera. Isu tinotenda kuti mukukura kusati kwazvarwa kwemunhu nhoroondo yese yepasi redu inofananidzwa.

Muviri wemunhu wakakoshwa kuti umhanye kwenguva yakati, kutenderera kwehupenyu hwayo. Munguva ino, zera rakapfuura muhupenyu hwevanhu rinorarama zvakare zvakare nemunhu. Ipapo vhiri rehupenyu rinoshanduka kuenda kutenderera rorufu.

Zviri pamwe nemijenya yekuzvarwa neupenyu nerufu zvakabatwa nehunyanzvi hwekare, nekuti nekuziva kwavo vanogona kupfuura nekubva kunze kweiyo bhaji kubva pazvinonzi, hapana mufambi anodzoka. Chinangwa chekuvandudzwa kwechisikirwo ndechokukwevera zvinhu zvakasikwa mumuviri mumwe, vobva vaziumba kuti dzive chimiro chemunhu, izvo zvinopa mukana wakakura kwazvo wechiitiko kunheyo yakangwara, pfungwa, iri yekugara mumuviri wemunhu. Kune iyo pfungwa chinangwa chehupenyu ndechekuwana ruzivo rwehukama hwayo nechisikwa, kuburikidza uye uchiri mumuviri, kuita mabasa ayo anoteerana neruzivo, uye kuvaka mune ramangwana nezvakaitika zvekare.

Rufu ndiko kuvhara, kuongorora uye kuenzanisa kwehupenyu hwehupenyu, uye nzira yekudzoka kuzvepfungwa dzepanyika ino. Iyo ndiyo gedhi iyo mweya unodzokera kwayo kune yayo nzvimbo.

Iyo yekufa-yekumagariro mamiriro inguva yekuzorora uye kubatwa kwebasa kwehupenyu hwakatangira kutanga kwehumwe hupenyu.

Kuzvarwa uye rufu mangwanani uye manheru emweya. Hupenyu inguva yebasa, uye mushure mekufa kunouya kuzorora, kupora, uye kusimudzira. Sezvo mabasa anodiwa emangwanani anoitwa mushure mekuzorora kweusiku, ipapo basa rezuva, mabasa amadekwana, uye kudzokera kuzorora, saka mweya unoisa pazvividzo zvavo zvakafanira uye ivo vanopfuura nenguva yekukura, kuita muzuva rechokwadi basa rehupenyu, uye vanoiswa parutivi manheru manheru ekukwegura, apo mweya unopfuura muzororo iro rinozvigadzirira rwendo rutsva.

Zvese zviitiko zvechisiko zvinotaurira nyaya yemweya kuburikidza nemijangi yayo, maumbirwo uye kuberekwazve muhupenyu. Tingaite sei kuti titeerere magetsi aya, tichimhanya sei, kuderedza kana kuchinja mafambiro avo? Kana nzira ichinyatsoonekwa, mumwe nemumwe anoiwana musimba rake kuzviita. Nzira iri kuburikidza nekufunga. Kubudikidza nemufungo mundangariro mweya wakauya munyika, kuburikidza nekufunga mweya wakasungwa nenyika, kuburikidza nekufunga mweya unosunungurwa.

Chimiro uye kutungamira kweavo vanofungidzira kunotema kuberekwa kwake, chimiro uye zvaachaenda. Uropi ndiwo musangano wemuviri, pfungwa dzakarongedzwa kubva kumusangano uyu dzinopinda muchikamu kuti vadzokere mushure menguva refu kana ipfupi kune yavo musiki. Sezvo pfungwa dzakasikwa dzinobata pfungwa dzevanhu vorudzi rwakaita senge kufunga, saka vanodzokera kumugadziri wavo kuti vamuitire zvavakaita pane vamwe. Pfungwa dzeruvengo, udyire uye nezvimwe, vanomanikidza musiki wavo kuti afambe senge zviitiko uye zvinomusunga kune nyika.

Pfungwa dzekusava noudyire, tsitsi, uye kusuwa, ita mupfungwa dzevamwe uye, nekudzoka kumugadziri wavo, amusunungure kubva muzvisungo zvekudzokorora kuberekwa.

Idzi pfungwa dzinogara dzichirongwa nemunhu dzinosangana naye mushure mekufa. Anofanira kugara nemirangariro iyi, kuigaya uye kuisanganisa, imwe neimwe mukirasi yayo, uye mushure mokunge zvaitwa, anofanira kudzokera kunyika ino, chikoro uye mudzidzisi wemweya. Kana ngwariro ikabhadharwa kuidi, zvichawanwa kuti kune nhambo muupenyu hwomunhu umo mimwe mifungo inodzokororwa. Nguva dzekuora mwoyo, kusviba, kupererwa; nguva dzekufara nekufara; nguva dzekuvavarira kana shuviro. Nguva idzi ngadzicherechedzwe, rwisa maitiro akaipa, uye shandisa mikana yakanaka.

Kuziva uku kunogona kungouya kumurume anova "akachenjera senyoka uye asinganetsi senjiva."