The Word Foundation
Goverana iri peji



THE

WORD

♑︎

Vol. 18 DECEMBER 1913 Nha. 3

Copyright 1913 naHW PERCIVAL

GHOSTS

(Inoenderera mberi)
Pfungwa Dzidzimu dzeVarume Vapenyu

MUMWE mafungiro haasi ezvo nyaya (molecular) iyo yenyama yepanyama, kana yechinhu (chido) icho chido che mweya chinonyorwa. Mhedziso ghost ndeyenyaya iyo ndeyemapfungwa. Nyaya yemafungiro api matema anogadzirwa ndeyehupenyu hwehupenyu, nyaya yeatomu.

Pfungwa ghost haisi kufunga. Pfungwa yekufema yemunhu mupenyu ndiyo chinhu chinobudiswa nekubatana kwechiito chepfungwa dzake mune imwe mutsara, panyaya dzenyika mupfungwa.

Mhedziso ghost ndeyemhando mbiri, chimiro kana chimiro chisina maturo ghost, uye chinotsanangurwa kana kufungidzira kufunga ghost. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinoitwa kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu mupfungwa dzenyika, zvinounganidzwa ne centering ye pfungwa pamusoro pekufunga. Iyo inotsanangurwa kufunga kuti mweya inotanga apo pfungwa inoita chimiro chepfungwa uye inobata chifananidzo ichocho kusvikira inotora fomu. Iko pfungwa dzakanaka dzinoita kuti mafungiro ave nemafungiro, pfungwa dzisina kunaka hadziiti chinhu, asi chiito chayo chinowedzera kune zvinyorwa uye simba refungidziro matema. Munda wavo wekuita unogara uchiri munyika yekufunga, asi vamwe vanogona kutora fomu uye vanozviratidza kune ziso renyama. Pfungwa inofungidzirwa inofanirwa kuenderera mberi kwekuratidzwa uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro, izvo zvingangodaro zvingave zvenguva refu kana kwenguva pfupi.

Pane njodzi pamwe chete nezvinobatsira zvakabatana nemafungiro emafungiro. Aifunga kuti mapfupa anotsvaga pamusoro pemhuri nemadzinza. Kunyange zera rine uye rinosiya mafungiro aro mweya.

Chikonzero chekufungidzira mweya ndicho chinangwa. Chimiro chechikonzero chinoratidza maitiro ehupenyu mafungiro nemigumisiro yemweya pane izvo zvinoshanda. Chinangwa chiri mupfungwa chinokonzera pfungwa kuita pamuviri. Pfungwa ndeyekuti, iyo nguva, iri mukati memoyo, iyo inokonzerwa kubva muropa rehupenyu hwehupenyu huripo, hunokwira mukati mecherebellum, inopfuurira mberi ne convolutions yecherebrum, uye inoshandiswa nemitsipa inobva kumagariro mashanu. Icho chiito chinotyisa chinobatsira pakuumbwa kwemafungiro mweya, sekuita sezvinoita kuvhenekera uye kuchengetedzwa mukati mekudya kwezvokudya.

Iri iro rinopa ropa, uye simba rembeu, izvo zvinokosha (kunyange zvakanakisisa kudarika zvinoenderana nekemikari yekutsvaga) fomu uye zvakasanganiswa, mukati uye mumufananidzo wose wakaitwa mupfungwa. Ichi chifananidzo, zvishoma kana zvishoma zvakakwana, chinokurudzirwa panze kuburikidza nechimwe chezvikamu zvenyama, nechinangwa. Inogonawo kutumirwa kuburikidza nehuma, kubva panzvimbo pakati peziso. Izvi zvakanyanya maererano nemafungiro anofungidzira mweya, zvakadai sechimiro chemunhu kana chimwe chinhu chine fomu yepfungwa.

Izvo zvisina kufungidzirwa ghost risina mufananidzo, pasina chimiro chemuviri chekufananidza mafashoni. Asi pfungwa isina chimiro, mafungiro, rufu, zvirwere, hondo, zvekutengeserana, pfuma, chitendero, zvinowanzowedzera simba kana zvakanyanya kufanana sezvinofungwa nepfungwa. Zvinhu zvakashandiswa kubva mumuviri zvakafanana, zvisinei, simba rekushandisa rinoshandiswa kubudisa manzwiro anowirirana nekambani imwechete, yakadai sekutya kusina kuona kana kunzwa chimwe chinhu, kana kunetseka kwebasa pasina chinhu chaicho chinoshanda.

Nezve pfungwa yekufunga inogadzirwa nomunhu. Ikopo kutanga pfungwa yekufema inobereka kunze kwekuti munhu anenge achida kana kuti achitofunga kuti anounza fungiro ghost. Zvino pane pfungwa yekufungidzira inogadzirwa nechinangwa chemuiti.

Ghosts dzakabudiswa zvisingazivi uye zvisingazivi dzakadai seurombo mweya, kushungurudzika mweya, kuzvidzora ghost, mweya wakaipa, kutya mweya, chirwere chemweya, marudzi akasiyana-siyana.

Murume ane hanya nemafungiro aripo urombo ndeye anoshanda uye anoponesa nguva dzose, nokuti anotya kuti achafa akasiiwa muimba yevarombo. Mune chinzvimbo chekwanisi uye kunyange hupfumi, iye ari pasi pesimba reiyo mweya, uye kune kutya kwekugara uye kusakosha. Urombo hwomunhu mweya hunokonzerwa kana munhu wacho achiona kutambudzika kwakamupoteredza kana kunzwa kwazvo uye achizvifungidzira mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Kana kuti pfungwa yake mweya yakakonzerwa nekuonekwa kwakagamuchirwa mupfungwa mune hupenyu hwakapfuura, kuburikidza nekurasikirwa nehupfumi hwake uye hwekutambudzika kwehurombo.

Munhu ane hutano hunoshungurudza mweya inoshungurudzwa neicho chisina kunyanya kukosha uye chisingabviri. Anokwereta dambudziko-kana asina-yekudyisa shungu dzake. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakaoma kana ekutambudzika haaiti misiyano. Vamwe vanoda kuenda kumariro, zvipatara, nzvimbo dzekutambudzika, sekunzwa mashoko anosuruvarisa, kungochema uye kusuruvara uye kupa mweya yavo kugutsikana.

Kuzvidzora mweya mweya unotyisa wekuzvikudza zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoumba uye zvinoupa.

Kutya mweya kunokonzerwa nokusava nechivimbo mumunhu wega, uye zvinogona kuva nekuda kwekunzwa sokuti karmic retribution iyo iri pamusoro pezvinotyisa, ichakurumidza kupera kwaari. Izvi zvingave chikamu chechirango chake chekarmic. Dai munhu akadaro aida kururamisira, saka aisazoita kana kufudza kutya mweya.

Dambudziko mweya rinotungamirira kupinda mumatambudziko. Kuvhunduka kwedambudziko kunounza dambudziko kana pasina, uye kunounza avo vane dambudziko rinopinda mukati mavo. Kwose kwavanoenda ikoko kune dambudziko. Munhu akadaro acharamba achidzika pasi pezvinhu zviri kuwira, uye, nechinangwa chakanaka, iye achakonzera kukakavara uye anotambura iye pachake.

Chipoko chehutano uye chipoko chechirwere zvakangofanana. Kugara uchiedza kudzivirira chirwere nekubata iyo-inodanwa-hutano pfungwa mupfungwa, inogadzira chipoko chechirwere. Vanhu vanonetswa nemweya wechirwere vanogara vachitsvaga tsika yepanyama, kudya kwemangwanani kutsva uye zvimwe zvekudya zvehutano, vanofambiswa nekudzidza nezvekudya, uye kudyisa chipoko nekuramba vachifunga nezvezvinhu izvi.

Chinhu chisina maturo mweya chinhu chepfungwa chakavakirwa pane pfuma duku nekufungidzira kuzvidzora, kubwinya, gloss uye kuratidza, uye chido chekuyemura nezvisingatyi kuti ndiani. Izvo chete zvakadai sezvishoma zvishoma, uye kuita bhizinesi rekuzvinyengera pachavo pamusoro pokushaikwa kwavo kwekukosha nekukosha, kusika nekudyisa mweya isina maturo. Mweya wakadaro unoda kuramba uchigumburwa pamusoro pekushaiwa kwavo. Izvi hazvina maturo zvipo zvinhu izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemafashoni, maitiro, fads nemaitiro.

Zvose izvi zvipenyu ndezvimwe zvemafungiro asina chimiro magumo emunhu wacho.

Kufunga kuti zvipo zvinokonzerwa nemaune zvinokonzerwa kune chimwe chinangwa nevanhu vanoziva zvimwe zvezvibereko zvinouya kubva pakugadzirwa kwefungo ghost. Vanhu ava havadanidzi nezita iri rekufunga mweya; kana zita rekufunga ghost rinowanzoshandiswa. Vagadziri vezviitiko zvemafungiro mazuva ano vari pakati pevadzidzisi veChristian Science neMental Science, pakati pevamwe vezvimwe zvinonzi Occult Societies kana Secret Societies, uye pakati pevamwe vehufundisi, uye kune vanomunyanzvi uye vamwe vanobatanidza vanhu vasina idzi makirasi, avo vanoita mafungiro mafungiro nemaune.

Bhizimisi rechiKristu neMental Scientists nderokurapa zvirwere uye kuva mune zvakagadzikana uye nyaradzo. Kurapa zvirwere "vanobata pfungwa yehutano," kana kuti "kuramba chirwere." Mune zvimwe zviitiko vanoita fungiro mweya wezvirwere, fungiro mweya weupenzi, pfungwa yekufa, uye inotungamirira pfungwa yekurwisana nevanhu avo vakavapikisa mubasa ravo, vakavhiringidza ivo pachavo kana simba ravo kana kuti zvimwe vakaisa ruvengo rwavo. Chero ipi zvayo mapfufu angave aripo, mukoti anoita nemaune kuita pfungwa iyi mweya uye anotumira kune munhu waanoda kuranga nechirwere, kupenga, kana kufa.

Kare avo vaiita zve "Black Arts" vakagadzira kamufananidzo kadiki kaimiririra munhu aifanira kumhan'arirwa. Ipapo n'anga yakabva yamurovesa nenamo kukuvara kwayaida kuti muvengi chaiye arwadziwe. Somuenzaniso, n'anga yaibaya mapini, kana kupisa chifananidzo chacho, kana kukuvadza ziso racho, kana kuti dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri; uye munhu chaiye akabatwawo saizvozvo, maererano nesimba ren’anga. Kurovera mapini mumufananidzo hakuna kukuvadza muvengi mupenyu, asi kwakashandira n'anga senzira yekunangidzira chipoko chake chekufunga uye kuchinangisa kumunhu waaifunga. Nhasi mufananidzo wewakisi unogona kana kusashandiswa. Mufananidzo wemuvengi unogona kushandiswa. Uye kunyange pasina chimiro chemuviri kana mufananidzo ungashandiswa.

Mamwe nhengo dzemachechi anonzi anonzi akaitwa akaziva nezve simba rinotorwa nemafungiro akadaro. Mafungiro akadaro anonyangadza mapfupa ave akasarudzwa nemutsara unoti "yakaipa mhuka magnetism," yakaumbwa naMnu Eddy weChristian Scientists, uye anozivikanwa kuti "MAM"

Kune dzimwe hurumende dzakavanzika umo mhemberero dzinoitwa, nechinangwa chekuita mafungiro mafungiro akafanirwa kushanda nhengo dzaro uye kukanganisa vamwe kana kuvakuvadza.

Pakati pehupirisita hwaiva uye kune vakawanda vanobudisa mafungiro nemafungiro nemaune. MuMiddle Ages maiva nevapristi vakawanda vakange vakanyatsokwanisa kune avo vakadanwa mashizha kupfuura avo vanonzi magic. Vamwe vapirisita nhasi vane kunzwisisa kwakanakisisa kwemaitiro ekushanda kwemafungiro magumo nemigumisiro inogona kuitika kuburikidza navo kupfuura inowanodavira. Vanonyanya kudzokera shure kubva kuChechi yeKaturike uye vanhu vakakurumbira muupenyu avo vanodikanwa kukereke iyoyo sevatendeuki, vanowanzoitwa kuti vanzwe simba rine simba remafungiro anoshandiswa nemitambo, mumwe nomumwe uye akabatanidzwa, yevamwe ecclesiastics. Mumwe wevakadaro muItaly, achipindura mubvunzo iwoyo kana Chechi yeKaturike yakashaya simba rimwe chete raita kuti rive rakanzwika kuburikidza nekutsvaga kwayo, uye kana risingazoshandisi midziyo zvakare kana ine simba, yakataura kuti zvigaro zvekutambudza zvakashata uye zvakabuda kunze musi uye zvichida iye zvino hauna basa, uye kuti migumisiro yakafanana inogona kuwanika ikozvino nenzira nenzira yekufananidzira kune hypnotism.

Nguva yekushuva iri pamubhedha. Tiri kupinda munguva yekufunga. Mifungo miviri yevanhu vapenyu inowedzera kukuvadza nekusingaperi uye inobereka zvinowedzera kuuraya muzera ravo kupfuura mweya inofarira yakaita chero ipi zvayo.

Kunyange avo vasingadi kutenda mukuva kwavo zvinhu zvakadai sekufunga mafungiro, havagoni kukanganwa kunzwa simba rekufunga ghost in memory. Mweya wakadaro hauna kusikwa sezvinofungwa mafungiro ari kumusoro pamusoro apa, uye haatauri zvakananga kune ani asi iye akazvitumidza kuva. Kuyeuka kwakaratidza kuti mweya unobatwa nekuunza mupfungwa mafambiro chiito kamwe chete kusina kuitwa kana kunyadziswa kusina kubviswa, uko kunogadzirirwa kunzwa kunorwadza kwekusakodzera, kushaya simba, kuora mwoyo. Munharaunda iyi manzwiro emunhu mafungiro emagetsi, kusvikira apiwa mafungiro ekugara kwenguva refu. Zvadaro kune chiyeuchidzo ghost. Inoratidzika nguva nenguva uye yakafanana nemasaga mune imwe kamuri. Munhu wese anenge ave achishanda munyika anoziva nezvemhepo chete yakadaro, iyo dzimwe nguva inoputira hupenyu hwake.

(Zvichaenderera mberi)