KUFUNGA NOKUDZIDZA

Harold W. Percival

CHITSAUKO IX

RUDZIMAI

Chikamu 5

Chechina Civilization. Shanduko pavhuvhu. Mauto. Zvicherwa, zvirimwa uye maruva. Mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzakagadzirwa nepfungwa dzevanhu.

Kubva musi uyu weChina akatanga Matombo uye mavhu emarudzi akasiyana akaiumba nenguva dzakasiyana. Shanduko mumamiriro ekunze ekugoverwa kwepasi nemvura kwave kuwanda. Izvo zvakagadzirwa panguva yekuvandudza uye kupisa. Dzakagadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma panguva dzakareba kana nekukurumidza chekutanga shanduko dzakaunza mhedzisiro imwe chete. Shanduko idzo dzimwe nguva dzaida zviuru zvemakore, dzakaitika pane dzimwe nguva mumazuva; zvinwiwa zvinoshanduka kuita manyowa uye ese ari magetsi uye aya zvakare kuita zvinwiwa uye zvinwiwa. Dzimwe nguva chiitiko chemoto chaive chakananga, dzimwe nguva chakavanzika mumvura.

Mushure mekunge shanduko yakanga yaitika dzimwe nguva yaibudirira munguva pfupi neumwe, uye pane dzimwe nguva makondinendi nezvitsuwa zvairamba zvisina kugadzikana kwenguva yakareba. Mitsetse pakati pemvura nepasi, uye kukwirira kwepasi kwakachinja-chinja. Dzimwe nguva nyika yaidyiwa zvishoma nezvishoma negungwa kana zvishoma zvishoma kuora nemhepo uye yogezwa nemvura nemvura nenzizi. Dzimwe nguva nyika yaipepetwa kubva kumhepo. Pane dzimwe nguva mweya wairova nyika nekukasira uye wakashambwa sejecha. Dzimwe nguva mvura yaisimuka mumakomo akasimba akakomberedza nyika, dzimwe nguva nyika yakavhurika uye nyanza yepasi pevhu yakamhanya pamusoro payo.

Kutungamira kwezvinonzi matanda kwachinja kazhinji, dzimwe nguva zvishoma, dzimwe nguva nekukasira. Shanduko idzi dzaive dzekugadziridzwa kune huwandu hwe pfungwa wevanhu vegura, uye yaive yekupa nzvimbo yakakodzera yenguva yemberi ramangwana. Shanduko yakangoerekana yaitika apo pasi paitsvedza kana kuwira pamusoro paive pakaipa. Munguva uye mushure mekugadziridzwa mamiriro ekunze akachinja. Kwakanga kwave kuchine zhizha risingaperi, echando aidziya zviuru zvetsoka zvakadzika akaviga vanhu, uye matunhu akadzika akanyungudutswa ndokufumura nyika nezuva rakapisa kana kunopisa.

Kutungamira kwematanda ndiko kweya epasi pevhu chete. Masheya padivi pechikamu chegonyeti haafanire kuverengerwa munzira imwechete nerekupedzisira. Pamusoro pekutungamira kwematanda ejecha kunoenderana nekudzoka kwenzvimbo dzenyika ina, mvura, mhepo uye zera remoto vanhu.

Kubva pamagetsi nemagetsi pamagetsi ari pasi pano nhasi anokwezva masimba anoshandiswa muindasitiri, kutengeserana nekufamba, iko iko kuvandudzika kwemazuva ano kunotsamira. Iwo mafungu akafanana haana kugara achishanda. Vanoisa matanho mumasimba evarume kufunga. Icho chinoratidzika semagineti chirevo che kunzwa in nyaya, uye zvinoonekwa semagetsi chirevo che chido in nyaya. Mafungu emagineti anotsvaira kuburikidza nemahara epasi semafungu e kunzwa kumhanya nemiviri yemunhu; uye se zvido vanogumburwa neizvi manzwiro, saka magetsi emagetsi anokonzerwa nezviito zvavo muminda ye muzvarirwo. Panguva dzakasiyana munguva yakapfuura, makoronga akasiyana uye mauto aingoshanda kwete mupasi, asi mumvura, mweya nemoto. Aya mafungu akaburitsa zviitiko zvinoratidzika kunge zvinoshamisa kune vanhu vasina mumwe kunze kwezviratidziro zviripo zvinozivikanwa. Aya mafungu uye kuziva kwevarume maitiro ekushandisa kwavo kwakapa kune zera iro mutambi yepasi, mvura, mweya kana zera remoto.

Kwakanga kune zvikamu zvegungwa izvo zvaiona, zvekuti hapana mhuka upenyu zvaigoneka mukati kana padyo navo. Pane dzimwe nguva kudzika kwepasi kwaive kurema zvakanyanya uye zvimwechete nguva epurasitiki sevhu, uye dzimwe nguva yaifamba nemasaisai, asi vanhu akararama pazviri. Mvura yemabhata emoto kubva mumhepo, mheni dzakavhurika dzichibva pasi pamwe nekuuya kubva kudenga, makore emoto achifamba pamusoro penyika uye achizvibvisa kana kutsakatika, hondo dzemoto nemoto mumhepo, hondo dze primaryary mumvura kana mumhepo zvakaitika mumazera akasiyana. Mauto iye zvino zvaisazivikanwa aishanda uye aishandiswa nevamwe vevanhu. Panguva dzakasiyana Hukama pane ina Zvikamu kune umwe neumwe akachinja; pane imwe nguva chinhu chimwe chaitonga vamwe, uye pane imwe nguva icho chaitsigira mumwe wevamwe.

Dzimwe nguva kwaive nemaminera, zvirimwa nemaruva izvo zvisingachazivikanwe. Pane imwe nguva vanhu vaishandisa bhurawu simbi iyo, mushure mayo iyo yairapwa neimwe nzira, yakava svikiro yeumwe we muzvarirwo mauto, uye nekubvisa uremu kubva kuchinhu chero chipi zvacho chaiiswa pariri. Yaifanira kurapwa nenzira imwe chete yehuni, mune imwe yebwe uye mune imwe simbi. Nekushandiswa kweichi chidimbu chesimbi iyi kurema zviuru zvakawanda zvakapetwa aigona kubatwa sekunge mhenga. Makuru mabwe ematombo akaendeswa pamwe nekushandiswa kwayo. Iri simbi raive nechinhu chakasarudzika chekutakurisa masimba ezvechinhu icho chakaiswa, kunzwa. Kana tsvimbo yesimbi iyi yaibatwa kuruoko rweruboshwe uye ikaiswa pamusoro pechinhu, iye akabata iye ainzwa unhu chechinhu, chinotapira, chinotapira kana chinonhuwira. Kana ikabatwa mu rudyi ruoko, iye akabata aigona kuomesa kana kurerutsa zvinhu, kuumburuka kana kuyerera ivo. Imwe simbi yaive ichizivikanwa pane dzimwe nguva yaive yakatsvuka, ichisiyana nechena kuchena kusvika kune ruby ruvara. Kubudikidza neiwo kupisa kana kupisa kukuru kunogona kugadzirwa. Iko kupisa kwakagadzirwa kubva kumhepo. Tsvimbo yesimbi iyi, kana ikabatwa nevamwe vanhu kuchinhu, yaizungunuka voipedza iri kure. Iyi simbi yakapindura mukuita kwayo kune chinangwa chemubata. Chete kirasi yakadzidziswa ndiyo yaingaishandisa. Simbi mbiri idzi dzaizivikanwa uye dzaishandiswa pakuumbika kwemamwe mafungu ehupenyu hwepamusoro. Rimwe simbi, parakaiswa pachinhu, raikonzera oscillations mukati maro kana mumhepo, simba rakashanda kuburikidza nesimbi kusunungurwa nekusangana nechinhu. Imwe simbi yakakonzera kudzorwa kwezvinhu zve nyaya mumhepo uye ndokugadzira chero yakasimba fomu kuda. Imwe simbi yakaita kuti chero chinhu chakasimba chiumburwe uye zvimedu zvahwo zvityiwe uye zvanyangarika, zvigadziriswe kuita zvinhu zvina Zvikamu. Aya angori mamwe emaminerari mazhinji ayo mauto asinga zivikanwe akasunungurwa, ave oga uye atungamirwe.

Paive nebwe dema raiita kunge remvura uye richirarama mukati mechinhu chakapukutwa. Kana yaizoiswa pahuma kana pamusoro wemusoro, yaizonakidza munhu iyeye, zvekuti akazivisa pfungwa isina simba rekupokana, uye iye muongorori aigona kuziva chokwadi nezve chero chinhu icho chakaongororwa chakange chakabatana. Mune iro dombo dema raizooneka zvakare zvakange zvataurwa, zvaitwa, zvakaonekwa kana kunzwiwa neavo vakaitwa kuti vazvitarise. Pakange paine chimwe chishongo ngawo, kana chaigadzirwa chaive convex kana concave, chiedza dzemarudzi akasiyana siyana dzaizogadzirwa.

Mhuri yezvirimwa yaivapo yaizokura yakasimba tambo. Paive nemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzaiburitsa tambo, idzo dzavaipatsanurwa dzimwe dzaive dzakasviba se silika, dzimwe dzakatendana souswa. Izvi zvidyarwa zvaive zvakaita semaposita, zvakasiyana kubva pajecha kusvika kusviba, uye ndokuvhurwa kumusoro, zvichidurura huwandu hwehomwe dzanga dziri tambo dzinoshandiswa. Chigadzirwa chacho chakange chakapfuura kuburikidza nemarudzi ese nemumvuri wawo, uye vanhu vanozvipukuta mumachira. Dzimwe dzetambo idzi dzakaramba kuparadzwa nemoto, dzimwe dzaisabikwa nemvura. Paive nezvirimwa izvo zvisina midzi uye zvaifamba-famba, zvichiwana chikafu kubva kumhepo.

Paive nemaruva airongedza indelible mavara. Maruva, ari chikamu chebonde chirimwa uye chinokanganisa pfungwa ye kunhuwa, iyo inomiririra pasi element mumuviri, vaive nesimba mune mamwe mazera. Dzimwe maruva dzaive nezvinonhuwira uye dzimwe kunhuwa izvo dzaive dzakurisa. Ivo vaive nezvinonhuwira izvo zvakadhakwa, ndokugadzira cataleptic nyika, zvakaiswa chepfu uye zvakaunza pakarepo rufu. Dzimwe maruva naiwo kunhuwa inokurudzirwa kuuraya, kuchiva kana mbayo. Vamwe vakaunza kusasimba, kunyungudika, kana kunyangwe kuzviuraya. Ukuru hwemamwe maruva hwaipfuura tsoka nhatu. Dzimwe maruva dzakaita senge dzinoyerera bvudzi regoridhe, dzimwe dzakaita kunge nduru yakasviba, dzimwe dzakasiya tsanga dzadzo dzikanyura mumhepo. Mamwe maruva anogona kuve akakura mune chero chimiro chaunoda, uye pane dzimwe nguva chimiro chemazizi, shiri kana butterflies zvaifarirwa.

Mashizha ezvinomera nemiti nguva dzose aisasvibira, sezvaanowanzoita nhasi. Dzimwe nguva coloring yaive yakatsvuka kana yebhuruu kana yero kana yepepuru. Mamwe mashizha akange aine kunhuhwirira kwaiburitsa maratidziro pa vanhu uye mhuka dzakaita sedzimwe dzemaruva. Mamwe mashizha airatidzika semaruva, mamwe akaita semvere. Panguva dzose maruva, mashizha nemichero zvaishandiswa pakurapa uye muindastiri.

Panguva dzakasiyana maumbirwo uye unhu yemiti dzakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nguva mimwe miti yaive nehupamhi hwakakura, asi yakanga isina kuenzana, uye imwe miti yakasvika pakakwirira zvisina kujairika nhasi. Paive nemiti yaive nemazana mazana emakumbo yakakwirira. Iyo miti yakakwira kwazvo yaive nehuni yaive senge uye yakaoma kune whalebone. Dzimwe dzedondo dzaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo dzaisatsva nemoto, dzimwe dzaiputika sosi. Iyo huni mune imwe yematangi yakakura muhuwandu hwejometri yemavara akasiyana. Iyo huni yemamwe miti uye sap yemamwe, yakarongedza inopinda uye isinga tsvina dhayi. Kunyangwe maapuro aivapo nguva dzese, mune imwe fomu kana imwe, nguva zhinji dzaive nemichero nhasi isingazivikanwe. Dzimwe nguva mhuka dzakaburitsa majusi akasiyana siyana aibuditsa masvinu, aive nechinwiwa kana narcotic, kungave kwomuzvarirwo kana kuti mushure mekunge vaiswa pachena kuzuva kana kumwedzi. One mhando yemuti wakakura mudziyo kunge gourd, uyo wakazadzwa neunotapira uye pungent acid iyo yaive nekukurumidza kupinda mukati mayo seinodhaka.

Izvi zvakasiyana mhando zvezvirimwa, pamwe nemafura enguva dzakasiyana-siyana, akagadzirwa, sezvaari nhasi, ne pfungwa yemunhu; yavo muzvarirwo akanga ari chido ye vanoita, uye yavo nezvimiro vaive nezvimiro yavo pfungwa, yakatarwa nemutongo ruzivo maererano nerudzi.

Pakutanga kwezera chero ripi zvaro mhuka dzaive dzakakura, dzisina humwari uye dzaityisa. Sezvo zera rakati rakwira kumawere kwaro rakabva raenda kune zvimwe zvine hunyanzvi uye hwomumoyo. Mamwe akajairidzwa kumaindasitiri uye epamusha zvinangwa. Mamwe anotyisa uye akatsamwa akaunzwa pasi pevanhu. Hove hombe nematanda kana zviyero zvaishandiswa semhuka dzinoremerwa kudhonza marata uye zvikepe mukati memvura. Varume vaigona kukwira hove nomumvura, voenda pasi payo nehove. Dzinogona kuitawo kushiri kubhururuka nemhepo ivo vachitakura vanhu.

Kubvira pamafungu ekutanga eChina chechinyakare pavhu rechina, kwatevera mafungu mazhinji. Makore asina kutaurwa ezvemuviri nguva apfuura kubva ipapo. Mune imwe neimwe masaisai aive akawanda ekushandurwa uye kutenderera. Dzimwe nguva chidiki, dzimwe nguva chikamu chikuru chevhu kusagadzikana chakakanganiswa, dzimwe nguva kuzere. Dzimwe nguva maitiro ezviitiko aive akananga chitendero, pane dzimwe nguva kuenda kunogadzira, dzimwe nguva kune kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa kwemauto e muzvarirwo. Dzimwe nguva kukura kwacho kwainge kwakakura, uye kungwara pamwe nehunyanzvi mhedzisiro yakatsvaga. Dzimwe nguva kudzingana kwaiitwa pasi, uye vanhu vaitya mvura. Pane dzimwe nguva kwaive nemadzinza emvura vanhu vaigara zvakanyanya pamusoro pemvura uye vaitojaira sevanhu nyika yaive nevhu. Dzimwe nguva madzinza evanhu aidzikisira mhepo uye aigona kushandisa chiedza chezuva. Pavaizoziva mashandisirwo enyeredzi, vanogona kuzvidzivirira pamoto, kuti vafambe mukati mayo. Makore akadai epasi, mvura, mhepo nemoto zvakabudirira mumwe neumwe nguva zhinji. Pakaitika kumuka kweafungu rakakura dzimwe nguva ose mana emazera akabatana.

Dzimwe nguva kumhanya kwe vanhu hapana chimwe chavakaziva kupfuura nharaunda yavo yemuviri. Pane dzimwe nguva zvigadzirwa zvaibviswa uye nyika dzakasiyana dze nyaya mundege yepanyama yaiwanikwa. Kunyangwe mamwe maratidziro epanyika epanyama aimbovhurwa, uye muzvarirwo vanamwari uye primaryary dzaive mukukurukurirana nevanhu.

Kwemakore mazhinji kufarira uye mabasa aive nehanya nekukura uye kuhwina zvigadzirwa kubva muvhu. Panguva dzakadai kwaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzezviyo, michero uye zvirimwa zvaishandiswa chikafu uye zvipfeko uye mumaindasitiri; uye the mafaro uye kunamatwa kwevanhu kune chekuita nezvigadzirwa izvi. Pane dzimwe nguva zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa upenyu uye mafaro akagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, ndiko kuti, zvakatemwa kubva Zvikamu zvakananga ne kufunga yemunhu. Nemusanganiswa we Zvikamu chikafu chakagadzirwa sekudiwa, pasina kuvakurira kubva muvhu. Mhando dzose dzekupfeka zvipfeko dzakatorwa kubva ku Zvikamu uye yakagadzirwa mukati nezvimiro uye mavara anodikanwa. Ivo vakaita izvi vaifanira kuve nesimba re kufunga, ane kunzwisisa ye unhu ye zvidzidzo mune ina ina ya nyaya, uye simba pamusoro pavo, kuti vakwanise kurongedza zvinhu zvine kusimba, kunhuwa, kutapira kana porility inodiwa. Izvi zvaive mune dzimwe nguva moto nemweya zvaive nesimba uye miviri yevanhu vezera iri yaive yakabatana navo.