DEMOCRASI IYE SELF-GOVERNMENT

Harold W. Percival

CHIKAMU I

KUSVIRA NEMAHARA

Aya mazwi maviri, capital uye vashandi, ave achiwedzera kushungurudza uye kuvhiringidza vashandi-vekushanda uye nevashandi-vemaoko kusvikira ivo vavhiringidza hurumende uye vari kukanganisa kunetseka mamiriro ehupenyu hwemunhu. Mazwi maviri aya anowanzoitirwa kusarura uye kutyaira vanhu mumapoka anopikisa; kuvatsamwisa uye nokuvarwisa kuti vatirane. Mashoko maviri aya anounza ruvengo neshungu; vanomutsa kukakavara uye vaizoitisa kuti boka rega rega rishandise chero nzira musimba raro kuvhiringidza uye kukunda iro rimwe.

Iko hakusi democracy. Izvo zvinotungamira mukudonha kwerusununguko. Vanhu havadi kuti zviitike.

Kana "Mukuru" uye "Basa" vachinyatsonzwisisa chokwadi sezvazviri, nekufunga uye nekuzviisa kwese munzvimbo yemumwe uye vobva vanzwa mamiriro ezvinhu sezvaari, havazopfuurira mberi kwekuzvinyudza uye kuzvinyengedza. Panzvimbo pekuve vavengi, ivo, kubva pakushaiwa, uye nechisikigo, vanozova vashandi pamwe chete pane zvakanaka zvehupenyu hwevanhu.

Vanhu havagone kuzvimirira pachavo. Kuti uve nemhuri uye budiriro, vanhu vevanhu vanofanirwa kutsamira pane mumwe nemumwe. Capital haigone kuita pasina Labor chero zvingaitwa neBasa pasina Capital. Iyo hukama hwemagariro hwakavakirwa uye uye zvinoenderana neRuzivo uye rweVashandi Vaviri vacho vanofanirwa kudzidza kushanda pamwe chete mukuwirirana ivo vega zvakanaka. Asi ipapo chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kunge chiri icho uye chinoita basa rayo; hazvifanirwe kuedza kuve chimwe, kana kuita basa reumwe. Imwe yacho inodikanwa munzvimbo yayo uye kuita basa rayo seyimwe iri munzvimbo yayo uye kuita basa rayo. Idzi ichokwadi chiri nyore, chokwadi chinofanira kunzwisiswa nemunhu wese. Kunzwisisa kwechokwadi kunodzivirira kukakavara. Naizvozvo zvichave zvakanaka kubvunza nezvemari uye basa uye kuti uone kuti dzakabatana sei.

Chii chinonzi capital? Huru ndiko kushanda kwakabatana kwezvakakosha zvina izvo zvinhu zvese zvinogona kuve nemimba zvinogona kugadzirwa. Izvo zvina zvakakosha zvakakosha: musoro-capital, ruoko-capital, nguva-capital, uye intelligence-capital. Chii chinonzi basa? Basa rinoshanda muswe kana kufunga kwepfungwa, kushanda nesimba, kuitirwa chero chinangwa chakapihwa chero mushandi.

Chii chinonzi capitalist? A capitalist chero mushandi anoshandisa yake nguva-capital uye intelligence-capital as a capital-capitalist kana semaoko-capitalist, zvichienderana nekugona kwake uye kugona kwake.

Chii chinonzi musoro-capitalist? Musoro-capitalist mushandi anopa uye anoronga nzira uye zvinhu zvebasa iro muridzi-mukuru anozvipinza iye obvuma kuitisa imwe muripo.

Chii chinonzi ruoko-capitalist? A-capitalist ruoko mubati anozvipinza iye uye kune imwe muripo unobvuma kuita basa raanenge achiitwa nemutungamiriri-capitalist.

Chii chinonzi time-capital? Nguva-capital yakakosha kune ese marudzi ebasa uye iyo vese vashandi vese vakafanana; hapana mumwe mushandi ane zvakawanda kana zvishoma kupfuura chero mumwe mushandi, kuti aite sezvaanoona zvakanaka uye zvaanosarudza.

Chii chinonzi intelligence-capital? Huchenjeri-hukuru hwakakosha kune hwemhando dzose dzebasa rakarongeka rine mumwe nemumwe mushandi mune rimwe dhigirii, asi iro risina vashandi vaviri muchiyero chimwe; mushandi wega wega achinayo muzhinji kana kuderera madhiitari kupfuura vamwe, uye zvakasiyana-siyana maererano nebasa irimo iro mushandi anoita.

Nekunzwisisa uku, hapana munhu anogona kutadza kuona kuti capital zvinoreva uye musoro, musoro kana mukuru wemuviri, wakaita seumwe wemuviri, kana musoro wemuviri wevashandi. Seiyo generalization, capital ndiyo chero chinhu chinodiwa kuti uite basa rakarongeka. Mune maindasitiri kana kuti bhizinesi pfungwa, capital inoreva kukosha, pfuma kana hupfumi chero hwemhando.

Nezve basa: Imwe mhando yebasa inoitwa nemusoro, musoro kana uropi basa; imwe mhando yebasa inoitwa nemaoko, ruoko kana brawn basa. Saka kune mhando mbiri dzevashandi, yemusoro kana yevashandi veuropi uye vashandi vemaoko kana brawn. Mushandi wega wega anofanirwa kushandisa musoro wake nemaoko ake mune chero zvaanoita sebasa, asi mushandi anoshandisa huropi hwake pamwero mukuru kupfuura maoko ake, uye ruoko rwemawoko runoshandisa ruoko rwake mumusoro kupfuura musoro wake. Musoro unoronga nekutungamira maoko, uye maoko anoita izvo musoro unoronga kana kuraira, mune chero basa rinoitwa, semunhu kana sesangano.

Nezve iyo nguva yakakosha: Nguva-capital yakagoverwa zvakaenzana pakati pevanhu vese vanhu. Mumwe munhu haana kana yakawanda uye isina kushoma nguva-capital kupfuura chero mumwe. Nguva yakangofanana nekushandirwa kwemumwe mushandi mumwe sezvaari pabasa remumwe mushandi. Uye mumwe nemumwe anogona kana kuti arege kushandisa yake-nguva-yemari, sezvaanoda. Mushandi wega wega anogona kunge angangoita wenguva-capitalist semumwe mushandi chero zvake. Nguva inzira yekugadzira kana yekukudziridza uye kuunganidza mamwe marudzi ese erudzi. Izvo hazvibvunze chero chinhu kumunhu uye zvinotendera munhu wese kuti aite nazvo sezvaanoda iye. Nguva yakasununguka pane yakasarudzika kuti haifungirwe kuve capital, uye inopambadzwa zvakanyanya nevaya vasinganyatsoziva mashandisiro uye kukosha kwe capital.

Nezve kungwara kwakakosha: Intelligence-capital ndeyekuti mumushandi wese uyo mushandi anofanira kushandisa paanenge achifunga. Uchenjeri hunoratidza chero mushandi chii chaangaite nemusoro wake nemaoko ake, huropi hwake nemabhurugwa. Uye mushandi anoratidza, nemabatiro aanoita basa rake, huwandu hwehungwaru uhwo hunowanikwa nahwo nemushandi pabasa rake. Uchenjeri hunoratidza mushandi musoro kuronga basa rake, maitirwo ezvigadzirwa uye nzira yekuzadzisa iro basa rakarongwa. Ungwaru, senge nguva, inobvumira mushandi kuishandisa sezvaanoda; asi, kusiyana nenguva, ungwaru hunomutungamira mukushandisa kwake nguva mukuitwa kwebasa rake uye nekuwana chinangwa chake, chingave icho chinangwa chezvakanaka kana zvehurwere. Uchenjeri hunoratidza mushandi wemawoko kugona kuronga nguva yake mukuita basa rake, kugona kwake kushandisa maoko ake mukuita kwebasa rake, kungave kuri kuita basa rekuchera gomba, kurima kwemurara. , kugadzirwa kwezviridzwa zvisina kusimba, kushandiswa kwepeni kana bhurashi, kutema mabwe anokosha, kuridza zviridzwa, kana kutemwa kwemabwe. Kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwehungwaru kwake kuchawedzera kukosha kweiye anoshanda musoro uye weanoshanda ruoko mukukwanisa kwake uye kugona kufunga mukurongedza-musoro-wake uye ruoko-capital-yake uye nguva-yake-huru yezvakanyanya uye kugadzirwa kukuru iro basa rakaitirwa iye mushandi.

Saka zviri pachena kuti izvo zvina zvakakosha zvemari nebasa zvinowanikwa nemushandi weumwe neumwe; kuti nemushandi wega wega ane izvo zvakakosha zvina iye anozvishandira iye kana kuti anozvipikisa kuti ave capitalization semukuru-capitalis kana semaoko-capitalist; kuti nekubatanidzwa kwake uye maneja wake-mukuru-ruoko uye ruoko-nguva uye capital-time uye njere- capital, kukosha kwemushandi wega wega kunotarwa zvichienderana nebasa raanoita. Naizvozvo zvine musoro uye zvakaringana kuti mune rimwe nerimwe bhizinesi rakarongeka, mushandi mumwe nemumwe anofanira kugamuchira mubairo pamusoro pekukosha kwebasa raanobata mune chero dhipatimendi rebhizinesi raari kuita.

Mari isingagone kushandiswa haina basa; hachibereki chinhu; nekufamba kwenguva rinorega kuve guta guru. Kushandiswa zvisizvo kunoita marara emari. Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwehuropi uye brawn uye nguva, kana yakanyatsorongeka uye kutungamirirwa nehungwaru, ichaguma nehupfumi, mune chero chinhu chinodiwa chaunoda. Nguva yakakosha pakuzadzisa kana uchishandiswa nehuropi uye brawn. Zvishoma zvinoitwa nenguva yakawanda kana mabere achiraira uropi. Zvakawanda zvinoitwa munguva diki kana huropi nehungwaru hunotungamira hwobva hwatanga. Uye kukosha kwechinguvana kuri mukupedza.

Capital kunge musoro unoshanda kana brain brain, inofanirwa kupa nzira uye nzira yekushanda kweruoko kana brawn capital. Ndokunge, muviri wevanodaidzwa kuti "Capital" kana "Capitalists" unopa iyo nzvimbo nemamiriro ebasa, uye chirongwa kana hurongwa uhu basa rinoitwa, uye nekuronga zvigadzirwa zvebasa.

Nezve mubhadharo kana purofiti inokonzerwa nebasa reCover neyeLabour, kana Capital ikasapa tarisiro yakakodzera kune zvinofarirwa neVashandi, uye kana Vashandi vasingazopa zvakafanira kufarira kweiyo Capital, hakuzove nekubvumirana. Pachave nekuparara kweChuma uye kutambisa kweVashandi, uye vaviri vacharasikirwa. Ngakuve nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kuti imwe neimwe inoenderana uye inodikanwa kune imwe; kuti mumwe nemumwe atore hanya nekushandira izvo zveumwe. Ipapo, panzvimbo yekunetsana kuchave nekubvumirana, uye basa riri nani richaitwa. Ipapo Ruzivo neVashandi vanozowana chimwe nechimwe chazvo chekuwana mari kubva kubasa rakaitwa uye vanofarira iro basa. Uku hakusi kwemhepo-zuva kurota. Mumwe achazoita bofu nemaune kana asingazoone uye abatsirwe kubva pachokwadi ichi. Izvi zvichave izvo zvakasimba basa-zuva-zvehupenyu hwebhizinesi-nekukurumidza kana Ruzivo uye Nevashandi, nekufunga, kubvisa mapofu ehupenzi hudyire pameso avo. Iyi ichava nzira yakajairika yakanaka uye inoshanda uye yebhizinesi-sey nzira yekushanda pamwe kweChuma uye Yevashandi-kugadzira iyo chaiyo yakafanana huwandu, hupfumi hweChuma uye hupfumi hweVashandi.

Asi mukufunga kwe capital, mari inopinda papi, ine chikamu chei, sezvaari capital? Mari senge yakagadzirwa simbi kana pepa rakadhindwa ingori imwe yezvinhu zvisingaverengeki izvo zvakagadzirwa kana kurimwa, senge waya, wigs, kana chiuno, kana semombe, chibage kana machira. Asi mari haigoni kunyatsofungidzirwa kuve capital, sezvazvakaita huropi uye huchenjeri uye nguva nehungwaru. Izvi ndizvo zvakakosha sedzimba. Izvo hazvina kukura kana zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa. Capital and Labour vakabvumira mari kutamba iyo isina kujairika, manyepo uye asina kunaka chikamu chemari. Mari inobvumirwa kuve yepakati pekutsinhana, sezvo mabhatani kana jira kana chibage zvingabvumidzwa kuve. Brain uye brawn nenguva uye kungwara ndiko capitalize chaiyo inogadzira izvo chaiyo zvigadzirwa zvakaunganidzwa neshoko hupfumi. Pfuma inowanzofungidzirwa nezvemari, kunyangwe mari iri yega imwe yemaprovince kana mipiro kuhupfumi, senge dzimba nenzvimbo nemapoto nemapani. Zvakanaka kubvumira mari kuti irambe iripo sepakati pekutsinhana, iyo-yepakati mukutenga nekutengesa, asi hazvina kunaka kuve nazvo zvakanyatsooneka mumuono wepfungwa zvekuti mamwe marudzi ese ehupfumi anofanirwa kuyerwa nahwo kuderedza tsika. Pfuma haisiri Mari kana Basa; ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvakaguma zvaitika muRuzivo uye rweVashandi. Kunyange mari ichiramba ichive iyo yekuchinjana mukutengeserana, inofanirwa kukamurwa neChuma neVashandi nenzira yakaenzana kune yavo yavakazvidyira mari, uye nekuda kwavo kwakajairika.

Basa rese rekutendeka rinokudzwa kana rikashandira chinangwa chinobatsira. Asi, kune marudzi akasiyana ebasa. Nyika ingadai iri nzvimbo yekuitira zvakanaka kana vanhu vese vakafanana uye vakafunga uye vachinzwa zvakafanana uye vakaita rimwe basa rakafanana. Vamwe vashandi vanogona kuita marudzi mazhinji ebasa. Vamwe vane mashoma pane mamwe marudzi ebasa ravanogona kuita. Uye zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasiyana kune akasiyana emhando yebasa. Chinyoreso hachiite basa remuti, uye kana nyati haigoni kuita basa repeni. Saizvozvowo pane musiyano mukushandiswa kwezvishandiso. Shakespeare aigona kunge asina kushandisa sviki nehunyanzvi hwegono dhodhi digger. Kana kuti dhodhi rakacherwa rakanga risina kunyora mutsara weShakespeare nepeni yaShakespeare. Zvingave zvakandiomera kuti Phidias anga akakavara marble nekuda kwekufamba kwePenthenon kupfuura kwaaive akaita chero weumwe wevakamhura. Asi hapana munhu anopopotera angadai akatsemura kubva pamarble yakavezwa imwe yemisoro yemabhiza-uye nesimba uye kunzwa kwakaiswa mazviri naPhidias.

Zvakakosha kumushandirwi wese sezvazvakaita kumunhu wese anoshandirwa, zvakakosha kumunhu wese akapfuma sese kune munhu wese murombo uye kune ese marudzi ezvematongerwo enyika, kunyatsofungisisa nezve zvokwadi yakapusa, nguva ichiripo kuchinja chinonzi democracy mukuita Democracy chaiyo. Imwe nguva nguva ichauya apo mhepo yemhepo uye kusimuka kwemanzwiro uye kushuva nemhepo dzakasungwa dzemifungo dzisingagone kubviswa. Kana vangotanga kuparadza nekutsvaira izvo izvo zvebudiriro, vanongosiya zvivakwa nedongo munzvimbo yacho.