The Word Foundation
Goverana iri peji



THE

WORD

Vol. 13 SEPTEMBER 1911 Nha. 6

Copyright 1911 naHW PERCIVAL

KUBHARA

SENYERI yesayenzi yakave yakagamuchira Flying mumhuri yaro inoremekedzwa sciences, pasi pezita rokuti pneumatics, aerostatics, aeronautics kana ndege. Iyo magetsi yeFlying inogona kudzidzwa uye inoshandiswa nemunhu chero akakodzera pasina kurasikirwa kwehukama hwake hwezesayenzi.

Kwemazana emakore kwakange kune varume vakakwanisa uye vakakodzera, pamwe nevanyepedzeri uye vanofungidzira vaifarira pakati pevanoti kune zivo yesayenzi yekubhururuka. Kusvikira nguva yemazuva ano orthodox yesayenzi yakarwa uye yakabata munda kune vese vanozviti. Yakave iri hondo yakareba uye yakaoma. Munhu wekufanirwa ave akaiswa pasi kutongwa kumwechete kana kusekwa sa charlatan uye fanatic. Iyo ndege ino yava inofamba zvishoma nemhepo kana inomuka uye inowira, mhepo kana mitsetse kana kuti inobhururuka mumifananidzo inofadza vasati vayemura, vanogona kuita kudaro nekuda kwemazera mazhinji evanhu, vachibva kubva mazana emakore akapfuura kusvika ikozvino, avo vakagadzira kubudirira kwake kunogoneka kwaari. Vakatsungirira kusekwa kukuru uye vakatsoropodzwa pachena; anowana mubairo mukuru uye anogamuchira kurumbidzwa kwekuyemura vanhu vazhinji.

Shanduro yekubhururuka haina kugamuchirwa kana nyore kubvumirwa kupinda munharaunda yezvidzidzo zve sciences uye nevatori vayo vakagamuchira musoro wayo wekuremekedzwa kwesayenzi. Varume vezvesayenzi dzakagamuchirwa vakabvuma sayenzi yekubhururuka kune nhamba yavo nokuti vaifanira. Kubhururuka kwakaratidzwa uye kwakaratidzwa kune pfungwa sezvokwadi, uye hazvikwanisi kurambwa. Saka yakagamuchirwa.

Dzidziso imwe neimwe inofanira kuendeswa kune miedzo uye inopupurirwa isati yakagamuchirwa sechokwadi. Izvo zvokwadi uye zvakanakisisa zvicharamba zvichikunda nekukunda zvose kushorwa munguva. Asi kushorwa kunoratidzwa kune zvinhu zvakawanda kunze kweiyo panguva iyo muganhu wekuregererwa kwesayenzi, kwakadzivirira pfungwa dzichidzidziswa kune zvesayenzi kubva pane kutora mazano uye kuunza kukwana zvimwe pfungwa dzingadai dzakashandiswa zvikuru kuvanhu.

Mafungiro esainzi inobvumirwa—kufinyamisa kumeso panyaya dzokunze uye zvisingagamuchirwi—ndiye cheki yekuwedzera nesimba revanyengeri nevanyanyisi, vanokura semasora ari munharaunda yebudiriro. Dai kwakanga kusiri nokuda kwemafungiro aya esainzi, hunyengeri, vanonyanyisa uye zvipembenene zvevapristi zvaizokura uye zvinofukidza, semasora anokuvadza, zvaizoita kuti pfungwa dzevanhu dziungane kana kudzipwa, dzaizoshandura bindu rebudiriro kuva sango rekusava nechokwadi uye kutya uye zvaizomanikidza. pfungwa yokudzokera kukutenda mashura kusava nechokwadi uko vanhu vakatungamirirwa mazviri nesayenzi.

Tichifunga nezvekusaziva kwakasiyana-siyana pakati pemafungiro ose, zvingangodaro, zvichida, zvakanakisa kuti svondo rezvemasvomhu harifaniri kupesana nesayenzi uye kuramba nyaya kana zvinhu zvisiri pamiganhu yayo. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvisiri chesayenzi zvinodzivisa kukura kwesayenzi yemazuva ano, inopedzisira kuwana zvinokosha zvinodiwa kuti zviitwe mumitambo mitsva, zvinotakura pfungwa nekusava nehanya nesayenzi uye zvino inodzivisa pfungwa yekuwana nzira yayo kuburikidza nekufunga kwekusununguka.

Pasina nguva yakareba mapepa akanyora maonero e sayenzi akaseka kana kutonga avo vaizovaka mhirizhonga. Vanopomera kuti vaizove-vari mapurisa ekuve vasina zvavanoita kana kuti vasina kurota. Vaiita zvavaizoita-zvikave zvipfeki zvakanga zvisati zvambova chinhu, uye kuti simba uye nguva nemari zvakaparadzwa mukuedza kwakadaro kusina maturo kunofanira kuchinjwa kuva dzimwe nzira kuti zviwane migumisiro inoshanda. Vanodzokorora nharo dzezviremera kuratidza kuti hazvigoneki kumhanya kwemhepo nevanhu.

Kubhururuka kana kubhururuka ikozvino isayenzi. Iyo iri kushandiswa nehurumende. Ndiyo hupfumi hwemazuva ano hunochengeterwa nevanoita zvemitambo. Ndiyo nyaya yekutengeserana uye yevanhu vose. Migumisiro yekuvandudzwa kwayo inonyatsoonekwa uye ramangwana rayo rinotarisirwa kwazvo.

Mazuva ese mapepa ane chimwe chinhu chingareva mukurumbidza kwe "shiri-shiri," "shiri-varume," "vhiri," nemichina yavo. Zvechokwadi, nhau pamusoro pepneumatics, aerostatics, aeronautics, aviation, kubhururuka ndiyo yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira ikozvino iyo mapepanhau akapa kune nyika inoteerera.

Ava vanoumba pfungwa dzevanhu vanomanikidzwa nezvokwadi uye nemaonero everuzhinji kuti vachinje maonero avo. Vanoshuvira kupa veruzhinji izvo zvinoshuvira veruzhinji. Zvakanaka kukanganwa zvakadzama uye shanduko yemafungiro mukufamba kwenguva. Zvisinei, icho munhu anofanira kuedza kuva mupenyu kwachiri uye chaanofanira kuyeuka ndechokuti rusaruro nokusaziva hazvigoni kutarisa nokusingaperi kukura nekukura kwepfungwa kana kumisa simba rayo rokutaura. Munhu anogona kunzwa akasimba mukufunga kuti masimba ake nemikana zvicharatidzwa zvakanakisisa kana akashanda nokushingaira mukufunga nechiito kune zvaanofunga kuti zvinobvira uye zvakanakisisa. Chishoro chinopiwa norusaruro uye maonero evoruzhinji chinogona, kwenguva yakati bedzi, kuvhiringidza kufambira mberi kwake. Kufungira zvisizvo nemafungiro chete zvichakundwa nekutsvairwa pazvinobuda pachena. Panguva ino, kupikiswa kwese kunopa mukana wekusimudzira simba uye zvakakosha pakukura.

Munguva dzereverie, dzepfungwa dzakadzama, dzekunakidzwa, murume, pfungwa, anoziva kuti anogona kubhururuka. Panguva yemufaro, pakunzwa mashoko akanaka, kana mweya wekufema uchiyerera zvine mutinhimira uye kupuruzira kwakakwira, anonzwa sekunge anogona kusimuka achikwira achienda mberi munzvimbo dzeblue isingazivikanwe. Anobva atarisa muviri wake unorema oramba ari panyika.

Iyo honye inofamba, yenguruve inofamba, hove inoshambira uye shiri inobhururuka. Mumwe nomumwe achangobva kuberekwa. Asi kwenguva refu mushure mokuberekwa munhu-mhuka haigoni kubhururuka, kana kushambira, kana kufamba kana kukwaya. Izvo zvaanogona kuita ndezvokuputika nekukanda nekuchema. Mwedzi yakawanda mushure mekuberekwa anodzidza kutamba; ipapo nekuedza kukuru anokwira pamaoko nemabvi. Gare gare uye mushure mekuwanda kwehombodo uye kuwira anokwanisa kumira. Pakupedzisira, nemuenzaniso wevabereki uye nekutungamirirwa kukuru, anofamba. Makore angapfuura asati adzidza kushambira, uye vamwe havana kumbodzidza.

Iye zvino murume uyo akazadzisa chishamiso chekutiza ndege, zvinenge zvingaita sokuti kana iye achiita ndege yepamhepo nemaanisiki, zvinenge zvave zvasvika pamucheto wezvaanokwanisa mune unyanzvi hwekubhururuka. Izvi hazvisizvo. Anofanira uye achaita zvakawanda. Pasina chero mashandisiro emagetsi, asingabatsiri uye ari oga, mumuviri wake wakasununguka, munhu achabhururuka achienda mumhepo paanoda. Achakwanisa kumuka zvakakwirira sezvo simba rake rokufema richabvumira, uye kutungamira uye kutungamirira kufamba kwake nyore nyore shiri. Nokukurumidza izvi zvichaitika zvichaenderana nemafungiro nekuedza kwevanhu. Zvichida kuti zvichaitwa nevakawanda veavo vari kurarama iye zvino. Mumazuva anouya vanhu vose vachakwanisa kuwana unyanzvi hwekubhururuka.

Kusiyana nemhuka, munhu anodzidza kushandiswa kwemuviri wake uye pfungwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa. Vanhu vanofanira kunge vane zvidzidzo zvakasiyana kana kuti muenzaniso, vasati vagamuchira uye vanoedza izvo zvingaita kwavari. Nokushambira nekubhururuka, varume vave vane hove uye shiri sezvidzidzo zvese. Panzvimbo yekuedza kuziva simba kana simba rinoshandiswa neshiri mukutiza kwavo, uye yekudzidza unyanzvi hwekuishandisa, varume vakagara vachiedza kuumba chimwe chimiro chemagetsi uye kushandisa icho kutiza. Varume vakawana nzira yemagetsi yekufamba, nokuti vakafunga uye vakashanda.

Apo munhu akatarisa shiri muzvikepe zvavo, akafunga nezvavo uye aida kubhururuka, asi akashaya kuvimba. Iye zvino ane chivimbo nokuti anobaya. Kunyange zvazvo akafananidza nzira iyo shiri, haasi kubhururuka semhiri, uye haashandisi simba rinoshandiswa neshiri mukubhururuka kwayo.

Zvinonzwisisika zvekuremera kwemitumbi yavo nekusaziva mafungiro emafungiro kana hukama hwayo nemafungiro avo, varume vachashamiswa pamusana pekufamba kwavo mumhepo mumitumbi yavo yenyama chete. Ipapo vachazohadzika. Zvichida kuti vachawedzera kusekwa nekusahadzika, uye kuratidzira nekukakavadzana uye ruzivo rwekuti ndege dzomunhu dzisingabviri hazvibviri. Asi rimwe zuva munhu mumwe munhu ane simba uye anokwanisa kupfuura vamwe vose vachabhururuka, pasina dzimwe nzira dzepanyama kupfuura muviri wake. Zvino vamwe varume vachaona uye vanotenda; uye, vachiona uye vachitenda, pfungwa dzavo dzichagadziriswa pamafungiro avo uye ivo, zvakare, vachabhururuka. Ipapo vanhu havagone kusava nechokwadi, uye kusava nehupenyu hwemunhu kunenge kuri chokwadi chinogamuchirwa, sechinhu chinowanzoitika sezviratidzo zvemasimba akanaka anonzi gravitation uye chiedza. Zvakanaka kusava nechokwadi, asi kwete kusahadzika zvakanyanya.

Chinangwa chekutiza kwe shiri dzose hachisi nekuda kwekuputika kana kuputika kwemapapiro avo. Chinangwa chekufamba kwe shiri ndechimwe simba rinokonzerwa nevari, izvo zvino zvinoita kuti vaite marefu avo vanosimudzira ndege, uye nevanokwanisa kufamba mumhepo pasina kubvongodza kana kuputika kwemapapiro avo. Shiri dzinoshandisa mapapiro azvo kuti dzienzanise miviri yavo, uye muswe sechifambiso chekutungamirira kutiza. Mapapiro aya anoshandiswa kutanga kutamba kana kuti kuita kuti chinangwa chiite.

Simba inoshandiswa neshiri kubhururuka iripo nemunhu sezvinoitwa neshiri. Zvisinei, munhu haazive nezvazvo, kana kuti iye anoziva simba, haazive nezvekushandiswa kwaanoiswa.

Shiri inotanga kuputika ne inbreathing, nokutambanudza makumbo ayo, uye nekuparadzira mapapiro ayo. Nokufamba kwekufema kwayo, makumbo ayo nemapapiro, shiri inokurudzira muviri wayo wehutano, kuitira kuti ihuise mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Kana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inokonzera simba guru rekutiza kuitira kuita sangano rayo renhe, saizvozvowo semagetsi emagetsi anokonzerwa pamwe nehurongwa hwematare kuburikidza nekushanduka kwekiyi pane shanduko yemutambo. Apo chinangwa chekutiza ndege chiwedzere, chinomanikidza muviri wechiri. Nzira yekufambisa inotungamirirwa nenzvimbo yemapapiro nemuswe. Nhanho yaro inotungamirirwa nehutachiona hwemhino uye kubhururuka uye kufamba kwefema.

Izvo shiri hadzibhururu nekushandiswa kwamapapiro awo chete zvinoratidzwa nekuparadzaniswa kwemapapiro kumusoro kana zvichienzaniswa nokurema kwemiviri yavo. Chinhu chakakodzera kunyatsozivikanwa ndechokuti, kune kuyerana kunoperera mukati memapapiro kana mapapiro munzvimbo ye shiri iyo ichienzaniswa nekuwedzera kwehuremu hwahwo. Nyeredzi dzine mapapiro makuru uye miviri mirefu haigone kumhanya nokukurumidza kana chero nguva shiri dzakaita mapapiro zviduku kana dzichienzaniswa nokurema kwayo. Izvo zvine simba uye zvinorema shiri iyo zvishoma zvingaenderana nemapiro ayo pamusoro pokutiza.

Dzimwe shiri dzinorema zvakakura kana dzichienzanisa nekupararira kukuru kwemapapiro avo. Izvi hazviiti nokuti vanoda rutivi rwemapapiro kutiza. Izvo nokuti nzvimbo huru yemapapiro inovabvumira kuti vasimuke kamwe kamwe uye kuputsa simba rekuwira kwavo kamwe kamwe. Shiri dzekufamba kwenguva refu uye nokukurumidzira uye miitiro isingadi kuti ikwire uye inowira kamwe kamwe haifaniri uye kazhinji hauna mhiko yakareba pamusoro.

Chimwe uchapupu hwokuti chinangwa chekutiza kwe shiri hakusi kwepamusoro uye kumagadzirirwo emapapiro awo, ndiyo iyo chero nguva iyo inenge ichida, shiri yacho inowedzera kukurumidza kwayo nekuwedzera kwechidiki chekufamba kwemapapiro ayo kana pasina kuwedzera we wing kufamba chero chipi zvacho. Kana ichi chichitenderera nevemapapiro kutizaira kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kunobva pane kuwedzerwa kwemapiro. Ichokwadi kuti kukurumidza kwayo kunogona kuwedzerwa zvikuru pasina kuwedzera kwakakwana kwekufamba kwemapapiro uchapupu hwokuti izvo zvinoita kuti zvivepo zvinokonzerwa nerimwe simba kunze kwekufamba kwemapapiro ayo. Ichi chimwe chikonzero chekutiza kwake ndicho chinangwa chikuru chekutiza.

(Ichapedzwa)