DEMOCRASI IYE SELF-GOVERNMENT

Harold W. Percival

CHIKAMU II

Makumi mana emakore eVANHU

Vanhu vanozvipinda vamene mumakirasi mana kana mairairo, zvisinei kuti angava ehurumende ipi. Asi hurumende inopa mukana wakanyanya, uye mauri ivo vanogona kuve nyore kusiyaniswa, ndeDemocracy. Makirasi mana aya haafanire kuverengerwa nemimwe mitemo yakajairwa kana yakatarwa, senge system yevaHindu; kana nenzvimbo kana chinzvimbo, kana nekuzvarwa, hupfumi, kutenda, kana zvematongerwo enyika. Asingazivi, vanhu vanozvipinda pachavo mune iyo mana mirairo, nehunhu uye chikamu chemafungiro avo ega.

Iye anoberekerwa mukirasi kana kuraira anozvichengeta iye amene mune iro gadziriro, kana anozvitora amene mune inotevera kuraira, nekufunga. Kana kufunga kwemunhu kuchidzorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu kana mamiriro ezvinhu maari, ipapo anoramba ari munzira maakazvarwa kana maanomanikidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu kuti ave. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kana kufunga kwake kuri kwakasiyana, kufunga kwake kunomuisa munzira yaanogara — zvisinei nekuzvarwa kwake kana chinzvimbo munyika.

Iwo mana makirasi kana kuraira ndea: vashandi kana muviri-varume, vatengesi kana vanoshuva-varume, ivo vanofunga kana vanofunga-varume; uye, ivo vanoziva kana ruzivo-varume. Imwe neimwe odha inodya zvimwe zvemamwe matatu mirairo. Izvi hazvireve kuti iwo mana mirairo ndeye yemhando ina yemiviri yenyama; zvinoreva kuti chero kufunga kunoitwa, kunoitwa nekuchiva-uye-kwekunzwa kweVanoita vari mumiviri yemurume nemiviri-yemiviri mune maVoers; uye kuti iyo mhando yekufunga iyo inoitwa nekuchiva-uye-kunzwa kweAnoita mune chero muviri wevanhu inochengeta iyo Doer mukirasi mairi mairi, kana kuitora uye nomuviri wayo kunze kwayiri uye ndokuiisa mune imwe. kurongeka. Hakuna simba rinogona kutora murume kubva mune yake yekutanga uye amuise mune imwe nzira yakasarudzika. Shanduko yemaitiro ayo chero zvake asina kugadzirwa kubva kunze; shanduko inoitwa kubva mukati meiyo. Kufunga kwemumwe neumwe kwakamuisa mune zvaari mairi. Kufunga kweumwe neumwe kunomuchengeta munzira yaanozviisa mairi; uye mumwe nemumwe achazviisa mune imwe yemamwe mairairo, kana akachinja mhando yekufunga iyo yaanoita kune iyo yekufunga inoita iyo imwe kurongeka. Ikozvino kuitika kweumwe neumwe ndozvakaita munguva yakapfuura iye amene akazviita nemafungiro ake.

Munyika dzese dzepasi vazhinji ruzhinji rwevanhu varidzi vemuviri, vashandi vemuviri. Vazhinji vashoma nhamba vashambadziri, iyo inoshuvira-varume. Chiverengero chiduku zvikuru ndivo vanofunga, varume vanofunga. Uye ivo vanoziva, ivo vanoziva-varume, vashoma. Mumwe nemumwe akagadzirwa nemirairo ina, asi mune yega yega mutemo mumwe pamamwe mana iwo mamwe matatu. Naizvozvo, munhu mumwe nemumwe muviri wemunhu, chishuwo-murume, anofunga-murume uye anoziva-murume. Izvi imhaka yekuti iye ane muchina wemuviri wekushandisa nekushanda naye, uye anoshuva zvikuru, uye anofunga zvishoma, uye anoziva zvishoma pane zvaari kufunga. Asi zvinyorwa izvo iye anofunga izvo zvinomuita iye murume-wemunhu, kana mutengesi, kana munhu anofunga, kana murume anoziva. Saka pane mana mirairo yevanhu venyama: muviri-varume, vatengesi, vanofunga, uye vanoziva; uye, kufunga kwemunhu kunoisa iyo mune yakarongeka mairi. Mutemo ndewekuti: Iwe uri sekufunga uye nekunzwa kwako: funga uye unzwe sezvaunoda kuva; iwe uchave sezvaunofunga uye kunzwa.

Kana kufunga kwemunhu kune hanya zvakanyanya nekudya kwemuviri uye nekunakidzwa kwemuviri, pamwe chete nekuzvinyaradza uye kusekerera, ipapo muviri wake unodzora kufunga kwake; uye zvisinei kuti dzidzo yake uye chinzvimbo muhupenyu chingave chiri, kufunga kwemuviri wake zvinomuisa mukati uye iye ari wekutevedzana kweavo-muviri.

Kana kufunga kwemunhu kuri kugutsa chishuwo chake kuti awane, awane, awane, awane mukana mukutenga, kutengesa, kukweretesa mari, wozo chinjana uye kuwana kudzora kufunga kwake; anofunga uye anoshanda kuti awane pfuma; anokoshesa kuwana pamusoro pekunyaradza uye zvimwe zvinhu; uye, kana akaberekwa kana kurerwa mune imwe yemamwe makirasi matatu kana mairairo, kufunga kwake kunomubvisa mukirasi iyoyo ndokumuisa mugwara revatengesi.

Kana munhu achishuva uye akafunga nezve mukurumbira nemukurumbira wezita rake seanoputika kana mucherechedzi kana mubatsiri, kana musiyano muzviporofiti kana zvehunyanzvi, iko kufunga kwake kunopihwa kune izvi zvidzidzo; anokoshesa chinyorwa chekufunga kwake uye anokoshesa zita riri pamusoro pekunyaradza nekuwana; uye kufunga kwake kunosiyanisa uye kunomuisa muhurongwa hwevanofunga.

Kana munhu achida ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvese, uye kunyanya pane chaanogona kuita nazvo, iye haagutsikane nekunyaradza nekuwana uye mukurumbira uye zvinoonekwa; anofunga nezvekwakabva uye zvinokonzeresa uye zvakazoparirwa nezvinhu, uye nezvekuti iye ndiani uye kuti akazovapo sei. Haazogutsikane nedzidziso uye tsanangudzo dzisina kugutsikana dzevamwe. Anoda uye anofunga kuti awane zivo kuti aite kuti iye azivikanwe uye nekushandira vamwe. Anokoshesa ruzivo pamusoro pekuda kwemuviri, zvinhu uye zvido, kana mbiri kana mukurumbira, kana kunakidzwa kwesimba rekufunga. Kufunga kwake kunomuisa muhurongwa hwevanoziva.

Iyi mirairo mina yemunhu inovapo pasi pehurumende imwe neimwe. Asi iye munhu ari mashoma mune monarchy kana aristocracy, uye akaremara uye anodzivirira mune oligarchy kana kudzvinyirira. Mune demokrasi chaiyoiyo chete anogona kuve nemukana wakakwana wekuva izvo zvaanozviita kuti ave. Kunyangwe pakave nekuedza kwakawanda pakumisikidza, hakuna kumbove nehutongi hwechokwadi pasi pano pakati pevanhu, nekuti, panzvimbo yekushandisa kodzero yavo yerusununguko nemukana wekufunga nekutendeseka uye rusununguko rwekutaura, vanhu vagara vakazvibvumira kubhururuka. nekunyengedza, kana kutenga nekutengesa.

Mukubudirira kukuru kwekutanga, senge muzvishoma zvakabudirira mukati menguva yenhoroondo, pese panoshanduka madhigree nemwaka zvakasimudza demokrasi, huwandu hwemagariro hwashandurwa. asi vanhu havana kumbobvira vashandisa mukana uyu kuzvitonga, sevanhu vamwe chete. Ivo vanogara vachishandisa mukana kuwana nyaradzo, hupfumi, kana simba; uye kuti vazvipire ivo pachavo, sevanhu vamwe kana mapato, kana mapoka, mune zvavaiona sekuzvida kwavo kana kwemafaro ehupenyu. Panzvimbo pekuzviita vagari vane mutoro mumwe nemumwe, uye kusarudza varume vakanyanya uye vane hunyanzvi sevatongi, vanhu vakapa kodzero yavo sevanhu nekubvumira vanhu venyama kuvanyengedza nekuvapa chiokomuhomwe nezvipikirwa kana kutenga mavhoti.

Panzvimbo yeumwe neumwe wevagari vakatarisa kune zvido zvevanhu vese, ruzhinji rwevagari havana hanya neruzhinji: vakatora chero zvazvakanakira ivo pachavo kana bato ravo vakabvumidza mahofisi ehurumende atorwe. pamusoro pevanyengeri vezvematongerwo enyika. Madhimoni akasvibisa nekunyadzisa mazwi anoremekedzeka akadai sematongerwo enyika, wezvematongerwo enyika, wezvematongerwo enyika, kuva mabvumirano ekuzvidza, kunyengera, kupamba, kuba, mhosva yemunhu, kana masimba.

Vezvematongerwo enyika vanotamba zvikamu zve makava nemhumhi dzakakamurwa kuita matanda. Zvino vanobva varwisa pamwe chete nekuchengetedza mapoka avo ezvizvarwa - iwo makwai anovavhotera musimba. Zvino, nehungwaru hwavo nehumhondi, vezvematongerwo enyika nemapenzi-vanopwanya matongerwo enyika vanotamba mugari-murwe vachipesana mumutambo wezvinodiwa sa "Capital" vachipesana "Labour," uye "Basa" vachipesana "capital." Mutambo ndewekuti uone kuti ndeupi ruoko ungabudirira kupa zvishoma uye kuwana zvakanyanya, uye fox-vezvematongerwo enyika nemhumhi vezvematongerwo enyika vanotora mitero kubva kumativi ese.

Mutambo unoenderera kusvika capital ichirovera Basa kunzvimbo yehuranda kana yekuchinja; kana, Kusvikira vashandi vaparadza Capital uye zvakareounza kuparadzwa kwakanyanya kwehurumende neyebudiriro. Iwo fox-vezvematongerwo enyika uye mhumhi-vezvematongerwo enyika vane mhosva; asi vane hanya uye vane mhosva ndivo vagari, "Huru" uye "Vashandi", ivo pachavo vanowanzova makava nemhumhi dzinoungana semakwai. Capital inoita kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vazive kuti inotarisira sei kupa vashoma kuVashandi uye vawane zvakanyanya, nekuti iyo mari yakapihwa mavhoti eVashandi. Uye Labor inotaurira vezvematongerwo enyika kuti inoda sei kudzora kana kutora zvakanyanya kubva, uye kupa izvo zvishoma kune, Ruzivo, mukuchinjana huwandu hwevhoti Rinopihwa.

Iwo emapato ezvematongerwo enyika anorwira mumwe nemumwe kuti atore masimba eVashandi neVashandi. Capital uye Labor kurwa, imwe neimwe yekudzora yeimwe. Nekudaro kukwikwidza kwemubato wega wega nedivi rimwe nerimwe kuchengetedza zvido zvaro, zvisinei nezverimwe, zvinogona kungoguma nekurasikirwa kwekufarira kwevose. Izvo zvaive nenzira yaive nezve zvakaitika kune democracies dzekare, chero chero mazwi mapato kana mativi aizivikanwa. Uye izvo zvakangoita nezve izvo zvinotyisidzira kuti zviitike kune izvozvi zvinonzi democracy.

Democracy chaiyo ichave hurumende inoumbwa nevanhu vanokwanisa uye vane hunyanzvi hwevanhu vakasarudzwa nemavhoti evanoda kutonga, kutungamira, uye kutonga, uye kuve vatungamiriri nevatungamiriri mukuchengetedza uye kufarira kwevanhu vese. sekunge vese vaive mitezo yemhuri imwechete yakakura. Mumhuri yakakodzera hapana nhengo mbiri dzakaenzana kana dzakaenzana pazera uye kugona kana kuda, kana ivo vakafanana mukukodzera kwehutano uye kugona kwemabasa akaenzana muhupenyu. Hakuna nhengo inofanirwa kuzvidza kana kufunga chero imwe nhengo yakaderera nenzira yekunyara nayo kana yeiyo imwe. Ivo sezvavari. Imwe neimwe ine hukama hwakajeka kune imwe neimwe yenhengo dzayo, uye vese vanobatanidzwa nezvisungo zvehukama semhuri imwechete. Vanokwanisa uye vakasimba vanofanirwa kubatsira vasina kukwana kana kushaya simba, uye izvi zvinowedzerawo kuedza kushanda nesimba. Mumwe nemumwe achishanda nenzira yake kuitira vamwe zvakanaka anenge achishandira kuti iye pachake uye nemhuri yake vagadziriswe. Saka zvakare demokrasi chaiyo ichave hurumende yakasarudzwa uye yakapihwa simba nevanhu kuti vatonge vanhu kuitira kufadza uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vese sevanhu vamwe chete.